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AL-QAEDA EXPANDS TO PUNTLAND IN ANTICIPATION OF OIL BOOM
Under
military pressure from Kenyan forces, the African Union Mission in
Somalia and various Somali militias and government forces campaigning in
its traditional area of operations in southern Somalia, al-Shabaab has
announced an expansion into Puntland, a semi-autonomous region in
northern Somalia that has so far been better known as a center for
offshore piracy than for Islamist militancy. Nevertheless, a dirty,
low-level war of assassinations, bombings and clashes between Islamist
gunmen and local security forces has been going on for several years.
The
announcement, which follows last month’s unification of al-Shabaab with
al-Qaeda, came in the form of a proclamation from Yassin Khalid ‘Uthman
(a.k.a. Yassin Kilwe Yuma), the self-described “Amir of the Mujahideen
in the Golis Mountains [an area of caves and rough terrain in northwest
Puntland]” that his fighters have joined al-Shabaab and pledged loyalty
to its leader, Shaykh Ahmad Abdi Godane “Abu Zubayr.” The “Amir” was
clear that his group was aligning itself with al-Qaeda: “I want to
praise God for the unity of our Shabaab brothers with al-Qaeda
fighters... I want to declare today that we are joined with our
al-Shabaab brothers who are
devoted to the jihad in Somalia” (al-Andalus Radio, February 26;
al-Kataib Media, February 27). The new al-Shabaab/al-Qaeda chapter in
Puntland may have announced its presence in a more material way on March
3, when at least nine people were killed at a Puntland security
checkpoint near the commercial capital of Bosasso (25 miles from the
Galgala region) during an attack by militants (Reuters, March 3).
Yassin Kilwe
is thought to be part of the Galgala militia that operates in the Golis
Mountains in a diminished capacity since it was targeted by a
three-month military offensive by the Puntland Intelligence Service. [1] The militia, if not a formal part of al-Shabaab, has traditionally operated in sympathy with al-Shabaab’s objectives.
Puntland
frequently accuses neighboring Somaliland, with which it has several
territorial disputes, of providing support for the Galgala Islamists,
while Somaliland accuses Puntland of seeking military dominance in
northern Somalia. The known leader of the Galgala militants is Shaykh
Muhammad Sa’id Atam, who routinely denies any formal ties between his
group and al-Shabaab, assertions that have been confirmed in the past by
al-Shabaab spokesman Shaykh Ali Mahmud Raage “Ali Dheere” (VOA Somali
Service, July 29). However, it was also Ali Dheere who welcomed the
merger of the “Mujahideen in the Golis Mountains” with al-Shabaab
(Dayniile, February 27).
Yassin
Kilwe’s claim to be Amir of the Galgala militants immediately raised
speculation regarding the leadership role of Shaykh Atam, who has not
made any statement since Yassin Kilwe’s announcement (Raxanreeb.com,
February 25). There were reports that many of the Galgala militants were
unhappy with the merger with “a terrorist group,” and Kilwe may
represent a new faction that has split from the main Galgala group to
join al-Shabaab/al-Qaeda (Somalia Report, February 28). A Puntland
government spokesman said the merger “doesn’t have any effect on
Puntland’s peace and tranquility and the armed forces who already made
them weak are ready to fight them”
(Puntlandi.com, February 26). The Puntland
administration has said that they already knew that the Galgala
militants were part of al-Qaeda (a common refrain in government comments
on the militants) and security has been tightened in the areas of oil
exploration operations (Dayniile, February 27). AMISOM is expected to
make a decision within days on whether to deploy African Union
peacekeepers from an expanded force in Puntland.
Canada’s
Africa Oil Corp. and its Australian partners Red Emperor and Range
Resources began drilling in northern Puntland in January, the first oil
operations in Somalia for two decades. The Nugaal and Dharoor fields are
believed to have as much as 300 million to 4 billion barrels of oil,
the first of which is expected to flow within a month (Reuters, February
25; Observer, February 25). There may be much more oil in offshore fields off Puntland’s coast. Galgala and other parts of the Bari region are also above the Majiyahan Ta-Sn Deposit, a
zone
rich in minerals such as Albite, Quartz, Microcline, Tantalite,
Tapiolite, Cassiterite, Spodumene and Muscovite. Somali prime minister
Abdiweli Muhammad Ali has promised a cut of his nation’s natural
resources in exchange for foreign investment and reconstruction
assistance: “There’s room for everybody when this country gets back on
its feet and is ready for investment,” though he also noted: "The only
way we can pay [Western companies] is to pay them in kind, we can pay
with natural resources at the fair market value." (Observer,
February 25). Britain’s BP has been mentioned as the foreign oil company
of choice for Somalia’s transitional government, but so far the firm
has downplayed rumors it is working on a major deal for the offshore
reserves. The British government has also denied charges that its sudden
interest in Somalia (hosting international conferences on Somalia,
providing humanitarian aid and reconstruction assistance, etc.) is part
of an effort to gain commercial considerations for British firms in
Somalia (Garowe Online, February 27).
Last week,
al-Shabaab began sending internet and Twitter messages warning that
“Somali oil carries death” (SAPA-AP, March 1). The movement has said
that it is canceling the licenses of Western oil and gas firms operating
in Puntland, possibly the first step in a new campaign of attacks on
Western exploration facilities.
Note:
1. See Andrew McGregor, “Puntland’s Shaykh Muhammad Atam: Clan Militia Leader or al-Qaeda Terrorist?,” Militant Leadership Monitor, September 29, 2010, http://mlm.jamestown.org/
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